Tornado Web Server Recon Basics Tornado is a python web server framework developed by FriendFeed . It can can scale to tens of thousands of open connections, making it ideal for long polling , WebSockets , and other applications that require a long-lived connection to each user. So this means it's an highly performant and companies like Facebook with scaling SaaS projects uses it for serving clients' needs. The labs I would be discussing in this post are provided by Attack Defense: Tornado Recon: Basics Tornado: Basic Authentication Tornado: Digest Authentication So let's begin Tornado Recon: Basics In this lab my ip is 192.96.75.3 Which web server software is running on the target server? Also find out the version. Use nmap. Execute the command by replacing <IP> with the one you have been assigned with nmap -sS -sV <IP> It is serving Tornado server on port 80 and version of the server is 5.1.1 What content is returned when a query is made to the base dir
Apache Server Recon Basics
Recon Begins...
In my case the IP 192.9.249.3. You can find the IP by running ipconfig and replacing last part of IP with 3 in eth1 interface
What is the version of the running web server?
So this is very straightforward and easy. Using nmap you can find this.
nmap -sS -sV 192.9.249.3The -sS flag tells nmap to scan the service on open port and -sV tells to find the version of it
The version of Apache here is 2.4.18
What page is hosted on the running web server?
Hmm, this is also easy. Let's try curl-ing the webpage
curl http://192.9.249.3:80 -s | grep titleBy default curl will make request on port 80 and / path
So, it is serving the Default index.html Page
Perform bruteforce on web server directories and list the names of directories found. Use brute_dirs metasploit module.
The brute_dirs module can be found in auxiliary/scanner/http/brute_dirs. Configure it as per your rhost requirements.
After running it for ~3 mins, it managed to find only 2 directories dir and poc. So I am assuming there are only two directories in the server
Flags are kept in both the directories. Try to retrieve the flag from “dir” directory using curl.
Well it doesn't seem to be challenging though. Let's try out by cur-ling /dir/ path this time
curl http://192.9.249.3:80/dir/ -s
The directory is protected. You can't access it without username and password. There is no sql server to exploit, you need to bruteforce the username and password. Before all of this you need to get what type of authentication does this directory use
The “dir” directory is using some kind of protection. What protection is that?
Everytime there is unauthenticated access to protected resource, web servers sends some information about how client should send the credentials for verification in WWW-Authenticate header.
Simply add -I to the curl request. This will use HEAD http verb instead of GET which will return the only the response headers.
curl http://192.9.249.3:80/dir/ -Is
Directory /dir/ uses Basic authentication. Working of this authentication type is well documented in RFC 7617
Find the authentication type for /poc/ directory as well.
Based of previous task, I am assuming /poc/ is also protected. Let's find out which authentication it uses
curl http://192.9.249.3:80/poc/ -Is
Directory /poc/ is protected via Digest authentication. Read more about it from Wikipedia
Brute-force the password for /dir/ and /poc/ directory with usernames alice and bob
In this you can use metasploit http_login module to bruteforce for the password using /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt file.
First, create a new file with user names
1cat > /tmp/users << EOF2> alice3> bob4> EOF Now run metasploit and load auxiliary/scanner/http/http_login module
Password for /dir/ is bob:qwerty and /poc/ is alice:password1
Retrive the flags from the directories
To send username password with http request, you need to pass -u argument.
curl http://192.9.249.3:80/dir/ -s -u bob:qwerty
curl http://192.9.249.3:80/poc/ -s -u alice:password1 --digest
By default curl uses Basic authentication. To enforce the Digest type, you must pass --digest flag
Done.